The effect of pre-operative counselling on smoking patterns in patients undergoing forefoot surgery

Abstract 

Background

Smoking contributes to higher surgical complication rates. Previous studies assessing smoking cessation interventions examined the provision of comprehensive packages. The use of surgery as an incentive to complement brief advice has not been fully evaluated.

Methods

Smokers were counselled and referred to their general practitioners for specific cessation strategies. Smoking status was recorded prior to surgery, on admission and in post-operative clinics. A telephone survey at a mean of 12 months post-operation ascertained long-term behavioural changes.

Results

Ninety-seven patients underwent surgery with twenty-five recorded as smokers. Sixteen stopped smoking pre-operatively; a further four reduced their intake, as a direct consequence of counselling. No patients were previously aware of the detrimental effects of smoking associated with foot surgery.

Conclusions

Surgery provides an incentive for smoking cessation, maintained post-operatively. Although forefoot fusions and arthrodeses were used in our study, the results are transferable to other branches of orthopaedic surgery.

Keywords: Smoking cessation, Surgical risks, Pre-operative counselling, Forefoot arthrodesis, Osteotomy