Foot and Ankle Surgery
Volume 14, Issue 1 , Pages 1-10 , 2008

Ankle arthrodesis

  • Aneel Nihal, M.D., FRCS (Orth.)

      Affiliations

    • Southside Health Service District, Logan Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
    • ,
  • Richard E. Gellman, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Summit Orthopaedics, Portland, OR, USA
    • Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
    • ,
  • John M. Embil, M.D., FRCPC

      Affiliations

    • Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • ,
  • Elly Trepman, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
    • Grand Itasca Clinic & Hospital, Grand Rapids, MN, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Health Sciences Centre, MS673-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3A 1R9. Tel.: +1 206 407 3671.

Received 5 March 2007 ,Revised 3 July 2007 ,Accepted 20 August 2007.

References 

  1. Mann RA, Rongstad KM. Arthrodesis of the ankle: a critical analysis. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19:3–9
  2. Scranton PE. An overview of ankle arthrodesis. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:96–101
  3. Katcherian DA. Treatment of ankle arthrosis. Clin Orthop. 1998;349:48–57
  4. van Valburg AA, van Roermund PM, Marijnissen AC, van Melkebeek J, Lammens J, Verbout AJ, et al. Joint distraction in treatment of osteoarthritis: a two-year follow-up of the ankle. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;7:474–479
  5. Marijnissen AC, Van Roermund PM, Van Melkebeek J, Schenk W, Verbout AJ, Bijlsma JW, et al. Clinical benefit of joint distraction in the treatment of severe osteoarthritis of the ankle: proof of concept in an open prospective study and in a randomized controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:2893–2902
  6. Thermann H, Huefner T, Schratt HE, Von Glinski S, Roehler A, Tscherne H. Screw fixation for ankle arthrodeses. Foot Ankle Surg. 1999;5:131–140
  7. Perlman MH, Thordarson DB. Ankle fusion in a high risk population: an assessment of nonunion risk factors. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:491–496
  8. Turan I, Wredmark T, Fellander-Tsai L. Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop. 1995;110–114
  9. Miehlke W, Gschwend N, Rippstein P, Simmen BR. Compression arthrodesis of the rheumatoid ankle and hindfoot. Clin Orthop. 1997;340:75–86
  10. Corso SJ, Zimmer TJ. Technique and clinical evaluation of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. Arthroscopy. 1995;11:585–590
  11. Chen Y, Huang T, Shih H, Hsu K, Hsu RW. Ankle arthrodesis with cross-screw fixation. Acta Orthop Scand. 1996;67:473–478
  12. Stauffer RN. Salvage of painful total ankle arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1982;170:184–188
  13. Newton SE. Total ankle arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg. 1982;64-A:104–111
  14. Groth HE, Fitch HF. Salvage procedures for complications of total ankle arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1987;224:244–250
  15. Bolton-Maggs BG, Sudlow RA, Freeman MAR. Total ankle arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg. 1985;67-B:785–790
  16. Kofoed H, Sorensen TS. Ankle arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: prospective long-term study of cemented replacement. J Bone Joint Surg. 1998;80-B:328–332
  17. Kofoed H, Lundberg-Jensen A. Ankle arthroplasty in patients younger and older than 50 years: a prospective series with long term follow-up. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:501–506
  18. Hintermann B. Short and mid-term results with the STAR total ankle prosthesis. Orthopade. 1999;28:792–803
  19. Pyevich MT, Saltzman CL, Callaghan JJ, Alvine FG. Total ankle arthroplasty: a unique design. Two to twelve-year follow-up. JBJS. 1998;80-A:1410–1420
  20. Saltzman CL. Perspective on total ankle replacement. Foot Ankle Clin. 2000;5:761–775
  21. Sorin A, Waugh TR. The historical evolution of ankle arthrodesis. J Int Orthopaed. 1980;4:3–11
  22. Charnley J. Compression arthrodesis of the ankle and shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg. 1951;33-B:180–191
  23. Pfahler M, Krodel A, Tritschler A, Zenta S. Role of internal and external fixation in ankle fusion. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1996;115:146–148
  24. Chen YC. Arthroscopy of the ankle joint. New York: Igaku-shoin Medical; 1985;
  25. Chen YC. Clinical and cadaver studies on the ankle joint arthroscopy. J Jpn Orthop Assn. 1976;50:631
  26. Takagi K. The arthroscope. J Jpn Orthop Assn. 1939;14:359
  27. Schneider D. Arthroscopic ankle fusion- a case report. AANA Meeting, New Orleans, 1983.
  28. Morgan CD. Arthroscopic tibio-talar arthodesis. Jefferson Orthop J. 1987;16:50–52
  29. Carlsson AS, Montgomery F, Besjakov J. Arthrodesis of the ankle secondary to replacement. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19:240–245
  30. Kitaoka HB. Salvage of nonunion following ankle arthrodesis for failed total ankle arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:37–43
  31. Pinzur MS, Kelikian A. Charcot ankle fusion with a retrograde locked intramedullary nail. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:699–704
  32. Trepman E, Nihal A, Pinzur MS. Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26:46–63
  33. Saltzman CL. Salvage of diffuse ankle osteomyelitis by single-stage resection and circumferential frame compression arthrodesis. Iowa Orthop J. 2005;25:47–52
  34. Ruhoy MK, Newberg A, Yodlowski ML, Mizel MS, Trepman E. Subtalar joint arthrography. Semin Musculoskel Radiol. 1998;2:433–438
  35. Katsenis D, Bhave A, Paley D, Herzenberg JE. Treatment of malunion and nonunion at the site of an ankle fusion with the Ilizarov apparatus. J Bone Joint Surg. 2005;87-A:302–309
  36. Mann RA, Van Manen JW, Wapner K, Martin J. Ankle fusion. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:49–55
  37. Crosby LA, Yee TC, Formanek TS, Fitzgibbons TC. Complications following arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 1996;17:340–342
  38. Dent CM. Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1993;75-B:830–832
  39. Myerson MS, Quill G. Ankle arthrodesis: a comparison of an arthroscopic and open method of treatment. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:84–95
  40. Jerosch J, Steinbeck J, Schroder M, Reer R. Arthroscopically assisted arthrodesis of the ankle joint. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1996;115:182–189
  41. Paremain GD, Miller SD, Myerson MS. Ankle arthrodesis: results after the miniarthrotomy technique. Foot Ankle Int. 1996;17:247–252
  42. Trepman E, Femino JE. Arthroscopic revision ankle arthrodesis with fluoroscopic guidance: two cases. Foot Ankle Surg. 2001;7:141–147
  43. Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Lieberman I, Fitsialos D. Arthroscopically assisted arthrodesis for osteoarthrotic ankles. J Bone Joint Surg. 1993;75-A:1167–1174
  44. Glick JM, Morgan CD, Myerson MS, Sampson TG, Mann JA. Ankle arthrodesis using an arthroscopic method: long-term follow-up of 34 cases. Arthroscopy. 1996;12:428–434
  45. Ferkel RD, Heath DD, Guhl JF. Neurological complications of ankle arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 1996;12:200–208
  46. Mann RA. Arthrodesis of the foot and ankle. In:  Coughlin MJ,  Mann RA editor. Surgery of the foot and ankle. 7th ed.. 1999;
  47. Schuberth JM, Cheung C, Rush SM, Blitz N, Roling B. The medial malleolar approach for arthrodesis of the ankle: a report of 13 cases. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2005;44:125–132
  48. Ratliff AHC. Compression arthrodesis of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1959;41-B:524–534
  49. Kimberley AG. Malunited fractures of the ankle joint with special reference to twenty-two cases treated by arthrodesis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1936;62:79–84
  50. Hallock H. Arthrodesis of the ankle joint for old painful fractures. J Bone Joint Surg. 1945;27:49–58
  51. Campbell CJ, Rinehart WT, Kalenak A. Arthrodesis of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1974;56-A:63–70
  52. Chuinard EG, Peterson RE. Distraction–compression bone-graft arthrodesis of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1963;45-A:481–490
  53. Weltmer JB, Choi SH, Shenoy A, Schwartsman V. Wolf blade plate ankle arthrodesis. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:107–111
  54. Sowa DT, Krackow KA. Ankle fusion: a new technique of internal fixation using a compression blade plate. Foot Ankle. 1989;9:232–240
  55. Klenerman L. Ankle fusion. Curr Orthop. 1994;32–37
  56. Sward L, Hughes JS, Howell CJ, Colton CL. Posterior internal compression arthrodesis of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1992;74-B:752–756
  57. Morgan SJ, Thordarson DB, Shepherd LE. Salvage of tibial pilon fractures using fusion of the ankle with a 90 degree cannulated blade-plate: a preliminary report. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:375–378
  58. Gruen GS, Mears DC. Arthrodesis of the ankle and subtalar joints. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:15–20
  59. Malarkey RF, Binski JC. Ankle arthrodesis with the Calandruccio frame and bimalleolar onlay grafting. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:44–48
  60. Zarutsky E, Rush SM, Schuberth JM. The use of circular wire external fixation in the treatment of salvage ankle arthrodesis. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2005;44:22–31
  61. Newman A. Ankle fusion with the Hoffmann external fixation device. Foot Ankle. 1980;1:102–109
  62. Berman AT, Bosacco SJ, Yanicko DJ, Raisis LW. Compression arthrodesis of the ankle by triangular external fixation: an improved technique. Orthopaedics. 1989;12:1327–1330
  63. Hawkins BJ, Langerman RJ, Anger DM, Calhoun JH. The Ilizarov technique in ankle fusion. Clin Orthop. 1994;303:217–225
  64. Johnson EE, Weltmer J, Lian G, Cracchiolo A. Ilizarov ankle arthrodesis. Clin Orthop. 1992;280:160–169
  65. Sakurakichi K, Tsuchiya H, Uehara K, Kabata T, Yamashiro T, Tomita K. Ankle arthrodesis combined with tibial lengthening using the Ilizarov apparatus. J Orthop Sci. 2003;8:20–25
  66. Choi G, Ghalambor N, Nihal A, Trepman E. Revision ankle arthrodesis with lateral cannulated angled blade plate fixation. Foot Ankle Surg. 2001;7:187–191
  67. Wang G, Shen W, McLaughlin RE, Stamp WG. Transfibular compression arthrodesis of the ankle joint. Clin Orthop. 1993;289:223–227
  68. Rowan R, Davey KJ. Ankle arthrodesis using an anterior AOT plate. J Bone Joint Surg. 1999;81-B:113–116
  69. Fujimori J, Yoshino S, Koiwa M, Nakamura H, Shiga H, Nagashima S. Ankle arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis using an intramedullary nail with fins. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:485–490
  70. Kitaoka HB, Patzer GL. Arthrodesis for the treatment of arthrosis of the ankle and osteonecrosis of the talus. J Bone Joint Surg. 1998;80-A:370–379
  71. Levine SE, Myerson MS, Lucas P, Schon LC. Salvage of pseudoarthrosis after tibiotalar arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:580–585
  72. Pinzur MS, Noonan T. Ankle arthrodesis with a retrograde femoral nail for Charcot ankle arthropathy. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26:545–549
  73. Moore TJ, Prince R, Pochatko D, Smith JW, Fleming S. Retrograde intramedullary nailing for ankle arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16:433–436
  74. Patterson BM, Inglis AE, Moeckel BH. Anterior sliding graft for tibiotalar arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:330–334
  75. Lionberger DR, Bishop JO, Tullos HS. The modified Blair fusion. Foot Ankle. 1982;2:60–62
  76. Kirkpatrick JS, Goldner JL, Goldner RD. Revision arthrodesis for tibiotalar pseudarthrosis with fibular onlay-inlay graft and internal screw fixation. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:29–36
  77. Banwart JC, Asher MA, Hassanein RS. Iliac crest bone graft harvest donor site morbidity. A statistical evaluation. Spine. 1995;20:1055–1060
  78. Verhelst MP, Muller JC, Hoogmartens MJ, Spaas F. Arthrodesis of the ankle joint with complete removal of the distal part of the fibula. Clin Orthop. 1976;118:93–99
  79. Blair HC. Comminuted fractures and fracture dislocations of the body of the astragalus. Am J Surg. 1943;1:37–43
  80. Dennis MD, Tullos HS. Blair tibiotalar arthrodesis for injuries to the talus. J Bone Joint Surg. 1980;62-A:103–107
  81. Takakura Y, Tanaka Y, Sugimoto K, Akiyama K, Tamai S. Long term results of arthrodesis for osteoarthritis of the ankle. Clin Orthop. 1999;361:178–185
  82. O’Malley DF, Conti SF. Results of distal tibial bone grafting in hindfoot arthrodeses. Foot Ankle Int. 1996;17:374–377
  83. Thordarson DB, Kuehn S. Use of demineralized bone matrix in ankle/hindfoot fusion. Foot Ankle Int. 2003;24:557–560
  84. Mazur JM. Ankle arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1979;61-A:964–975
  85. Abdo RV, Wasilewski SA. Ankle arthrodesis: a long-term study. Foot Ankle. 1992;13:307–312
  86. Jackson A, Glasgow M. Tarsal hypermobility after ankle fusion—fact or fiction?. J Bone Joint Surg. 1979;61-B:470–473
  87. Morrey BF, Wiedeman GP. Complications and long-term results of ankle arthrodeses following trauma. J Bone Joint Surg. 1980;62-A:777–784
  88. Coester LM, Saltzman CL, Leupold J, Pontarelli W. Long-term results following ankle arthrodesis for post-traumatic arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg. 2001;83-A:219–228
  89. Davis RJ, Millis MB. Ankle arthrodesis in the management of traumatic ankle arthrosis: a long-term retrospective study. J Trauma. 1980;20:674–678
  90. Fuchs S, Sandmann C, Skwara A, Chylarecki C. Quality of life 20 years after arthrodesis of the ankle. A study of adjacent joints. J Bone Joint Surg. 2003;85-B:994–998
  91. Trouillier H, Hansel L, Schaff P, Rosemeyer B, Refior HJ. Long-term results after ankle arthrodesis: clinical, radiological, gait analytical aspects. Foot Ankle Int. 2002;23:1081–1090
  92. Scranton PE. Use of internal compression in arthrodesis of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg. 1985;67-A:550–555
  93. Kopp FJ, Banks MA, Marcus RE. Clinical outcome of tibiotalar arthrodesis utilizing the chevron technique. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25:225–230
  94. Johnson EW, Boseker EH. Arthrodesis of the ankle. Arch Surg. 1968;97:766–773
  95. Hagen RJ. Ankle arthrodesis. Problems and pitfalls. Clin Orthop. 1986;202:152–162
  96. Helm R. The results of ankle arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1990;72-B:141–143
  97. Monroe M, Beals T, Manoli A. Clinical outcome of arthrodesis of the ankle using rigid internal fixation with cancellous screws. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:227–231
  98. Braly WG, Baker JK, Tullos HS. Arthrodesis of the ankle with lateral plating. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15:649–653
  99. Smith EJ, Wood PLR. Ankle arthrodesis in the rheumatoid patient. Foot Ankle. 1990;10:252–256
  100. Iwata H, Yasuhara N, Kawashima K, Kaneko M, Sugiura Y, Nakagawa M. Arthrodesis of the ankle joint with rheumatoid arthritis: experience with the transfibular approach. Clin Orthop. 1980;153:189–193
  101. Felix NA, Kitaoka HB. Ankle arthrodesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop. 1998;349:58–64
  102. Carrier DA, Harris CM. Ankle arthrodesis with vertical Steinmann's pins in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop. 1991;268:10–14
  103. Kennedy JG, Harty JA, Casey K, Jan W, Quinlan WB. Outcome after single technique ankle arthrodesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop. 2003;412:131–138
  104. O’Brien TS, Hart TS, Shereff MJ, Stone J, Johnson J. Open versus arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis: a comparative study. Foot Ankle Int. 1999;20:368–374
  105. Fitzgibbons TC. Arthroscopic ankle debridement and fusion: indications, techniques, and results. AAOS Instr Course Lect. 1999;48:243–248
  106. Ewing JW, Tasto JA, Tippett JW. Arthroscopic surgery of the ankle. AAOS Instr Course Lect. 1995;44:325–340
  107. Ferkel RD, Hewitt M. Long-term results of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26:275–280
  108. Winson IG, Robinson DE, Allen PE. Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg. 2005;87-B:343–347
  109. Morgan CD. Arthroscopic tibiotalar arthrodesis. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996;
  110. Anderson JG, Coetzee JC, Hansen ST. Revision ankle fusion using internal compression arthrodesis with screw fixation. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:300–309
  111. Cheng YM, Chen SK, Chen JC, Wu WL, Huang PJ, Chiang HC, et al. Revision of ankle arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 2003;24:321–325
  112. Cierney G, Cook W, Maer J. Ankle arthrodesis in the presence of continuous sepsis. Indication, method, and results. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1990;7:545–563
  113. Baumhauer JF, Lu AP, DiGiovanni BF. Arthrodesis of the infected ankle and subtalar joint. Foot Ankle Clin. 2002;7:175–190
  114. Thordarson DB, Patzakis MJ, Holtom P, Sherman R. Salvage of the septic ankle with concomitant tibial osteomyelitis. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:151–156
  115. Stasikelis PJ, Calhoun JH, Ledbetter BR, Anger DM, Mader JT. Treatment of infected pilon nonunions with small pin fixators. Foot Ankle. 1993;14:373–379
  116. Sanders R, Pappas J, Mast J, Helfet D. The salvage of open grade IIIB ankle and talus fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1992;6:201–208
  117. Gabrion A, Jarde O, Havet E, Mertl P, Olory B, de Lestang M. Ankle arthrodesis after failure of a total ankle prosthesis. Eight cases. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2004;90:353–359

PII: S1268-7731(07)00074-4

doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2007.08.004

Foot and Ankle Surgery
Volume 14, Issue 1 , Pages 1-10 , 2008

Article Tools